General Information

  • ID:  hor001885
  • Uniprot ID:  P68259
  • Protein name:  Glucagon
  • Gene name:  GCG
  • Organism:  Gallus gallus (Chicken)
  • Family:  Glucagon family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  Produced in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to a drop in blood sugar concentration.
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Gallus (genus), Phasianinae (subfamily), Phasianidae (family), Galliformes (order), Galloanserae (superorder), Neognathae (infraclass), Aves (class), Coelurosauria, Theropoda, Saurischia, Dinosauria, Archosauria, Archelosauria, Sauria, Sauropsida, Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0031769 glucagon receptor binding; GO:0042802 identical protein binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0006094 gluconeogenesis; GO:0007188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling; GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; GO:0014823 response to activity; GO:0032099 negative regulation of appetite; GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; GO:0035774 positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0045722 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion; GO:0050896 response to stimulus; GO:0051571 obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; GO:0071377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus; GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import; GO:1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005886 plasma membrane

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMST
  • Length:  29
  • Propeptide:  MKMKSIYFIAGLLLMIVQGSWQNPLQDTEEKSRSFKASQSEPLDESRQLNEVKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMSTKRNGQQGQEDKENDKFPDQLSSNAISKRHSEFERHAEGTYTSDITSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVNGRGRRDFPEKALMAEEMGRRHADGTFTSDINKILDDMAAKEFLKWLINTKVTQRDLLGEYQ
  • Signal peptide:  MKMKSIYFIAGLLLMIVQGSWQ
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P48645-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    AF-P48645-F1.pdbhor001885_AF2.pdbhor001885_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 395536 Formula: C152H224N42O49S
Absent amino acids: CEINP Common amino acids: S
pI: 7.54 Basic residues: 4
Polar residues: 11 Hydrophobic residues: 7
Hydrophobicity: -89.66 Boman Index: -8055
Half-Life: 3.5 hour Half-Life Yeast: 10 min
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 40.34
Instability Index: 7410.69 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 8480
Absorbance 280nm: 302.86

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  1194290
  • Title:  Chicken glucagon. Isolation and amino acid sequence studies.
  • PubMed ID:  2828209
  • Title:  Chicken glucagon: sequence and potency in receptor assay.